Pattern formation

Pattern formation refers to the emergence of non-uniform spatial structure from biological interactions and movement.

Possible patterns

Models can produce stripes, spots, fronts, patches, waves or spatial clustering. The precise structure depends on local reaction terms, movement mechanisms, boundary conditions and parameter values.

Mechanisms

Patterns may arise from diffusion-driven instability, chemotaxis, local activation and inhibition, environmental heterogeneity, or nonlinear population feedback.

Why pattern matters

Spatial patterns can change local densities, encounter rates and biological outcomes even when the total population remains similar.