Biological terminology

Population: a collection of organisms or individuals considered in a model.

Compartment: a model state grouping individuals with a shared status.

Incidence: occurrence of new cases or events over a period.

Prevalence: number or proportion currently in a specified state.

Transmission: process by which infection passes between hosts.

Latency: delay between infection and a later biological state; its precise definition depends on context.

Mortality: occurrence or rate of death. Morbidity: illness or disease burden.

Fitness: reproductive success in an evolutionary context.

Homeostasis: regulation that maintains physiological quantities within functional ranges.