Population genetics

Population genetics studies how allele and genotype frequencies change through selection, mutation, migration, recombination and random genetic drift.

Allele frequency

For a diploid population with genotype frequencies \(f_{AA},f_{Aa},f_{aa}\), the frequency of allele \(A\) is

and the frequency of allele \(a\) is \(q=1-p\).

Deterministic and stochastic models

Large-population approximations often use deterministic recursions or differential equations. Finite populations require stochastic models when random sampling between generations is important.